Early Islamic

13th–14th century

Nasrid dynasty

Calle Real de la Alhambra, s/n, 18009 Granada, Spain

Founded 972 CE

Fatimid Caliphate

Al-Azhar Mosque, El-Darb El-Ahmar, Cairo Governorate 4292040, Egypt

c. 900 CE

Unknown

Originally from North Africa or Abbasid Iraq; now in museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA) and British Library (London, UK)

Completed 851 CE

Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil

Malwiya Mosque, Samarra, Saladin Governorate, Iraq

Started 785 CE, expanded until 987 CE

Abd al-Rahman I and successors

Calle Cardenal Herrero, 1, 14003 Córdoba, Spain

Completed 715 CE

Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I

Al-Jami' al-Umawi, Damascus, Syria

Late 7th century

Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik (commissioned)

Temple Mount, Jerusalem, Old City, Israel/Palestine

Original 7th century; expanded later

Prophet Muhammad (original), later expansions by various rulers

Masjid al-Haram, Al Haram, Mecca 24231, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

622 CE, expanded through centuries

Prophet Muhammad (original), expanded by later rulers

Al Masjid an-Nabawi, Al Haram, Medina 42311, Al Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia