Key Art Market Terminology

The art market has its own language. Understanding a small set of core terms makes conversations with galleries, auction houses, and advisors much easier. This lesson covers the most important words every collector should know.

Primary Market

The primary market is where an artwork is sold for the first time.

  • Usually through a gallery representing the artist
  • Prices are set by the gallery and artist
  • Sales are private and not publicly recorded

This is where most collectors first buy works by living artists.

Secondary Market

The secondary market is where artworks are resold.

  • Most often through auction houses
  • Prices are public when sold at auction
  • Results influence an artist’s financial reputation

Secondary market activity is closely watched by collectors and galleries.

Provenance

Provenance is the ownership history of an artwork.

  • Who owned it before
  • How it changed hands
  • Where it has been exhibited

Clear provenance increases trust and long-term value.

Catalogue Raisonné

A catalogue raisonné is a complete record of an artist’s known works.

  • Often compiled by scholars or estates
  • Used to confirm authenticity
  • Especially important for historical artists

Inclusion strengthens credibility.

Condition Report

A condition report describes the physical state of an artwork.

  • Notes damage, restoration, or wear
  • Commonly provided at auctions
  • Important for older or fragile works

Condition directly affects value.

Hammer Price

The hammer price is the final bid at auction.

  • Does not include additional fees
  • Buyer’s premium is added on top

The total cost is always higher than the hammer price.

Buyer’s Premium

The buyer’s premium is a fee paid to the auction house.

  • Usually a percentage of the hammer price
  • Can significantly increase the final cost

Collectors must factor this into bidding decisions.

Reserve Price

The reserve price is the minimum price a seller will accept.

  • Set confidentially
  • If bidding does not reach it, the work remains unsold

Unsold works can signal weak demand.

No items found.